اختلاف‌نظر و پیامدهای معرفت‌شناختی آن برای شکاکیت پورونی

نوع مقاله : علمی - پژوهشی

نویسنده
دانشجوی دکتری فلسفه، گروه فلسفه، دانشگاه اصفهان، اصفهان، ایران
چکیده
در این مقاله قصد دارم نشان دهم که شکاکان پورونی چگونه می‌توانند، بدون گرفتار آمدن در دام جزمیتی که مدعی‌اند از آن می‌گریزند، از اختلاف‌نظر به‌مثابۀ ابزاری برای منتفی‌ساختن پروژۀ شناخت استفاده کنند. سکستوس امپیریکوس، در مقام راوی یا نمایندۀ شکاکیت پورونی، در سرتاسر آثارش، پیوسته برای تعلیق‌حکم، چه در آغاز پژوهش چه در پایان موقتیِ پژوهش، به اختلاف‌نظر متوسل می‌شود. شکاکان پورونی پیوسته بر این ویژگیِ پروژۀ پژوهشِ پورونی تأکید دارند که باید از هرگونه جزمیت، هم جزمیت ایجابی و هم جزمیت سلبی، پرهیز کرد اما به نظر می‌رسد که توسل به گونه‌ای از اختلاف‌نظر، در بند 31-34 کتاب طرح‌های کلی شکاکیت پورونی، که می‌توان آن را اختلاف‌نظر صرفاً ممکن نامید، حکایت از تعلق‌خاطر شکاکان پورونی به جزمیت سلبی دارد. زیرا توسل به چنین نوعی از اختلاف‌نظر می‌تواند هرگونه تلاش برای حصول حقیقت را از آغاز منتفی سازد. همچنین، از سوی دیگر، اختلاف‌نظر و تعلیق‌حکم در مواجهه با آن می‌تواند حکایت از مفروضاتی نظرورزانه داشته باشد که دیگربار از خطوط قرمز شکاکان پورونی است. بدین‌سان، ظاهراً هم پروژۀ پژوهش پورونی و هم نقش اختلاف‌نظر در آن می‌تواند مستلزم جزمیت باشد و چنین اتهامی می‌تواند برباددهندۀ پروژۀ پژوهش پورونی باشد.
کلیدواژه‌ها
موضوعات

عنوان مقاله English

Disagreement and Its Epistemological Implications for Pyrrhonian Skepticism

نویسنده English

Iman Khodafard
PhD Candidate in Philosophy, Department of Philosophy, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran.
چکیده English

This paper examines whether Pyrrhonian skeptics can appeal to disagreement as a ground for suspending judgment without thereby committing themselves to the very dogmatism they seek to avoid. Throughout his works, Sextus Empiricus repeatedly invokes disagreement as a basis for epochē, both at the beginning of inquiry and at its provisional conclusion.
Pyrrhonian skeptics insist that their investigative project must remain free from all forms of dogmatism, whether positive or negative. However, Sextus’ discussion in Outlines of Pyrrhonism I. 31–34 seems to rely on a form of disagreement that may be characterized as merely possible disagreement. Such an appeal threatens to foreclose the search for truth from the outset and thus appears to presuppose a negatively dogmatic stance. Moreover, the move from disagreement to suspension of judgment may itself depend on substantive theoretical assumptions, thereby compromising the methodological neutrality that Pyrrhonian skepticism claims to preserve.
The paper argues that, despite their explicit rejection of dogmatism, Pyrrhonian skeptics risk embracing dogmatic commitments in the conclusions generated by their appeal to disagreement . In particular, the appeal to merely possible disagreement appears to yield a negatively dogmatic result that sits uneasily with the Pyrrhonian ideal of suspension of judgment.

کلیدواژه‌ها English

Sextus Empiricus
Pyrrhonian Scepticism
suspension of judgment
disagreement
merely possible disagreement
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  • تاریخ دریافت 10 خرداد 1405
  • تاریخ بازنگری 06 تیر 1405
  • تاریخ پذیرش 26 تیر 1405