فاعل معرفت از نگاه قرآن؛ واکاوی «قلب» ضمن یک مدل یکپارچه معرفت‌شناختی

نوع مقاله : علمی - پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دکتری اخلاق اسلامی، دانشکده الهیات و ادیان، دانشگاه شهید بهشتی، تهران، ایران

2 دانشیار معارف اسلامی دانشگاه شهید بهشتی

3 دانشیار حکمت و کلام دانشگاه شهید بهشتی

10.48308/kj.2026.243338.1403

چکیده

پرسش از «فاعل معرفت» به‌عنوانِ هسته مرکزی فرآیند شناخت، به‌رغمِ اهمیت بنیادین، در پژوهش‌های قرآنی کمتر به‌صورتِ مستقل و با تمایز از مفاهیم «منبع» و «ابزار» معرفت بررسی شده است. این پژوهش، با تمرکز بر این پرسش اساسی که «فاعل شناسایی از منظر قرآن کریم چیست؟»، در پی واکاوی جایگاه قلب به‌عنوانِ گزینه اصلی در احراز این مقام است. در این راستا، پس از مرور انتقادی پیشینه، با بهره‌گیری از روش تحلیلی- تفسیری، ابتدا با استناد به آیات، شواهد مستقیم اِسناد افعال معرفتی و جایگاه جامع قلب در ابعاد وجودی انسان عرضه می‌شود. سپس، با بررسی و نقد ضمنیِ دیدگاه‌های رقیب (مانند تقلیل قلب به عضو فیزیکی، ابزار معرفت، یا معنای مجازی برای عقل)، به تبیین و تحکیم این مدل پرداخته می‌شود که قلب در اصطلاح قرآنی، حقیقت غیرمادی و جامع انسان است که، به اعتبار مرکزیت و دگرگونی، «قلب» نامیده شده است. یافته نهایی تحقیق تأکید می‌کند که، از منظر قرآن، قلب فاعل یکپارچه و یگانه معرفت است و دیگر قوا مانند سمع، بصر و حتی فعلِ تعقل، به‌عنوانِ شئون و ابزار معرفتی، در طول آن عمل می‌کنند. این نتیجه الگوی معرفت‌شناختی منسجمی ارائه می‌دهد که، در آن، ادراک، عاطفه و اراده در کانون واحدی (قلب) همگرا هستند.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات


عنوان مقاله [English]

The Knowing Agent from the Perspective of the Quran; An Analysis of the "Heart" within an Integrated Epistemological Model

نویسندگان [English]

  • MohammadMahdi Valizadeh 1
  • Rahim Dehghan 2
  • Mohsen Jahed 3
  • Ebrahim Noei 2
1 PhD in Islamic Ethics, Faculty of Theology and Religions, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
2 Associate Professor of Islamic Studies, Shahid Beheshti University
3 Associate Professor of Philosophy and Theology, Shahid Beheshti University
چکیده [English]

The question of the "knowing agent", as the central core of the cognitive process, has rarely been examined in Qur'anic studies as an independent concept, distinct from "sources" and "instruments" of knowledge, despite its fundamental importance. Addressing the fundamental question, "Who is the knowing agent from the perspective of the Noble Qur'an?", this research seeks to analyze the position of the "heart" (qalb) as the primary candidate for this role. Following a critical review of the literature review, Utilizing an analytical-interpretive methodology, the study first presents, based on Qur'anic verses, direct evidence for the attribution of cognitive acts and the comprehensive status of the heart across all dimensions of human existence. It then proceeds to explain and consolidate the model by examining and implicitly critiquing rival viewpoints (such as reducing the heart to a physical organ, an instrument of knowledge, or a metaphorical meaning for intellect). This model posits that the heart, in Qur'anic terminology, is the immaterial and comprehensive reality of the human being (the self), which is called "heart" due to its centrality and fluctuating nature. The final finding of the research emphasizes that, from the Qur'anic perspective, the heart is the unified and singular agent of knowledge, with other faculties such as hearing, sight, and even the act of reasoning (ta‘aqqul) operating as its manifestations or instrumental cognitive faculties. This conclusion presents a coherent anthropological model in which cognition, emotion, and volition converge within a single center—the heart.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • epistemology
  • self (Nafs)
  • emotion
  • intellect (Aql)
  • source of knowledge
  • cognitive faculties
  • ethics
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