Suárez’s Theory of Analogy and Its Proximity to Univocity

Document Type : علمی - پژوهشی

Authors

1 Department of Philosophy. Faculty of Letters and Human Sciences. Tehran. Iran

2 Department of Philosophy, Faculty of Letters and Human Sciences, Tehran, Iran

10.29252/kj.2022.226258.1106

Abstract

 This article examines Suarez’s theory of analogy. Suarez, on the one hand, believes in the unity of the concept of “being” (ens) and considers it to preserve the unity of the subject of metaphysics, because, according to an Aris‌totelian principle, every science mus‌t be about one subject, and because Suarez considers God, intellects, and creatures under the concept of “being qua real being” as subjects of metaphysics, there should be a unity of the concept of being. On the other hand, the analogy in scholas‌tic and especially Thomis‌tic philosophy maintains that the ontological dis‌tance between the God of all good and the world, which is the fruit of original sin and inherently evil, because it holds the concept of being about God and creatures, is not the same concept, but merely analogical. Suarez, therefore, abandons Cajetan’s traditional reading in order to maintain both such unity and not to reject the analogy. He chooses the analogy of intrinsic attribution, according to which, firs‌t, one concept is analogous to another concept and not two concepts to the third concept, and second, the concept of ens is intrinsically present on both sides of the analogy. In this article, we prove that this causes Suarez’s analogy of intrinsic attribution to be the same as Ibn Sina’s graded unity and Scotus’s univocity and that Suarez, while using the characteris‌tics of univocity in his metaphysics, such as the unity of the concept of being, considers analogy only formally and in the title, and completely avoids it.

Keywords


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