The problem of subject and subjectivity: with a focus on Ortega y Gasset’s conception of Pueblo

idegger’s the authentic Dasein or Sartre’s pour soi existence (responsible free man). By paying attention to the ontological, anthropological and cognitive foundations of the phenomenological-existentialist perspective, however it is possible to cast doubts on these answers. Therefore, any determination based on originality and authenticity, such as the two above mentioned propositions, may be considered inadequate or even contradictory. It seems that a different (or conflicting) path must be taken to reach this unique subject and subjectivity. In order to provide a perspective on this phenomenological and existentialist subject, this paper concentrates on the views of Jose Ertega y Gasset. Marcel’s priority of être over avoir, Heidegger’s distinction between zuhandenheit and vorhandenheit, Hussel’s idea of the eternal unfinnished perception of things, Heidegger’s interpretation of das Geviert, are some important phenomenological and existentialist insights which pave the way for a new solution. In accordance with all the mentioned insiths and as a sum up of them, Ortega’s unique definition of la circumstancia, as well as his conception of horizonte de posibilidade and, ultimately, his Pueblo promise the emergence of a new subject and subjectivity. Pueblo- one of the most frequently used terms in Ortega’s system of ideas- can be considered as a non-individual and, at the same time, non-universal subject, a determination of subjectivity which is faithful to the foundations of phenomenological and existentialist philosophies.