نظریه وجود افلاطون در جمهوری و سوفیست

نوع مقاله : مقاله مروری

نویسنده

دکتری فلسفه دانشگاه تهران

چکیده

این مقاله در صدد آن است تا راه حلی متفاوت برای فهم نحوه وجود آنچه هم هست و هم نیست در کتاب پنجم جمهوری فراهم سازد، مفهومی که تاکنون بحث‌ها و اختلافات بسیاری را برانگیخته است. براساس این راه حل، نظریه وجود در جمهوری باید بر مبنای رابطه وجود و لاوجود با مفهوم «تفاوت» در سوفیست تفسیر شود. افلاطون در این رساله تلاش می‌کند وجود را از بند مفهوم «همسانی» رها سازد و آن را به «تفاوت» پیوند بزند. این پیوند به بهترین شکل به مفهوم تصویر و رابطه آن با اصل می‌انجامد و نحوه وجود یک تصویر به عنوان آنچه هم اصل هست و هم نیست، در حل مساله وجود و لاوجود کارساز می‌شود. به واسطه آنکه معتقدیم نظریه پولاخوس لگتای ارسطو در ساختار خود شبیه به این رابطه خاص مبتنی بر تفاوت میان اصل و تصویر در اندیشه افلاطون است، ضمن آنکه نظریه وجود افلاطون در جمهوری و سوفیست را پولاخوس استی می خوانیم، این نظریه را به عنوان راه حل پیشنهادی‌مان برای فهم وجود در کتاب پنجم ارائه می کنیم. آنچه هم هست و هم نیست قابل فهم خواهد بود چراکه این «هست» نه یکسان بلکه متفاوت است.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Plato’s Theory of Being in the Republic and Sophist

چکیده [English]

This paper intends to bring forth a different solution to the problem of understanding the theory of being and what both is and is not in Republic V, a theory that has always been a matter of dispute. Based on our suggestion, the theory of being in Republic must be figured out under the light of the relation of being and not being with the concept of 'difference' in Sophist where Plato is trying to make being free of its old relation with the concept of 'sameness' and bind it to difference. This binding results in the concept of image and its relation with its original. The way of being of an image as what both is and is not its original helps Plato to resolve the problem of being and not being. Since we believe that Aristotle’s theory of pollachus legetai is structurally similar to this specific relation of an image and its original which is based on difference, we call Plato’s theory pollachus esti and present this theory as a possible resolution of the problem of understanding being in the fifth book of Republic. What both is and is not becomes conceivable because this 'is' is not the same but different.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • being- difference-copy- pollachus legetai
  • pollachus esti

مراجع

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  • تاریخ دریافت: 28 اردیبهشت 1394
  • تاریخ بازنگری: 15 آبان 1403
  • تاریخ پذیرش: 11 دی 1399

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