نوع مقاله : مقاله مروری
نویسندگان
دانشگاه تربیت مدرس
چکیده
کلیدواژهها
عنوان مقاله [English]
In traditional view, metaphor is considered as a kind of rhetorical device. Aristotle and Muslim philosophers recommend that the use of metaphors should be restricted to literature. Lakoff point out that metaphor is an integral part of human thinking process. Metaphorical thought is unavoidable, ubiquitous, and mostly unconscious. Conceptual metaphors actually conceptualize one mental domain in terms of another.
In this paper, the contemporary theory of metaphor, proposed by Lakoff , is first introduced. In this theory, concept of causality is examined. Use of this concept is not restricted to philosophy, but this concept can be seen in all scientific texts and ordinary language. Lakoff tries to show that there is a consistent correspondence between ordinary and philosophical usages of this concept. Concept of causality includes one thin part of literal meaning and wide metaphorical extensions. Any philosophical theory of causation is in fact the result of focus on some part of causal metaphors. The four Aristotelian causes are not exceptions to this rule and are based on metaphorical foundations.
کلیدواژهها [English]
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