از ابهام اشیای مادی به دوگانه‌انگاری جوهری نوخاسته

نوع مقاله : علمی - پژوهشی

نویسنده

دانشجوی دکتری فلسفه اخلاق، دانشگاه قم، قم، ایران

10.48308/kj.2026.243025.1396

چکیده

پرسش از چیستی و تبیین جایگاه متافیزیکی «خود» یکی از چالش‌برانگیزترین مباحث فلسفه ذهن است. اگرچه امروزه فیلسوفان اقبال کمتری به دوگانه‌انگاری جوهری نشان می‌دهند اما دین زیمرمن، با تمرکز بر ابهام اشیای مادی متعارف و مسئله کثرت، استدلال بدیعی علیه مادی‌انگاری اقامه کرده و درصدد دفاع از دوگانه‌انگاری جوهری نوخاسته برآمده است. این استدلال با پاسخ‌ها و نقدهای جدی از سوی مادی‌انگاران مواجه شده است. پژوهش حاضر، ضمن دفاع از موضع زیمرمن، ابتدا، با حذف برخی پیش‌فرض‌های غیرضروری، تقریر سرراست‌تری از استدلال او ارائه می‌دهد. در گام بعدی، با ارزیابی انتقادی پاسخ‌های مادی‌انگاران، می‌کوشیم ناکارآمدی راهکارهای آنان را نشان دهیم. درنهایت، استدلال پایانی مقاله به‌سمتِ این ایده حرکت می‌کند که هر تلاشی از سوی مادی‌انگار برای تدقیق مرزهای مادیِ «خود»، جهت گریز از ابهام، ناگزیر او را وادار به پذیرش ساختاری می‌کند که تاحدودی به دوگانه‌انگاری نوخاسته نزدیک است، به‌گونه‌ای که دیگر مرز مستحکمی میان این دو دیدگاه باقی نمی‌ماند.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات


عنوان مقاله [English]

From the Vagueness of Material Objects to Emergent Substance Dualism

نویسنده [English]

  • Majid Babaei
Ph.D. Student in Moral Philosophy, University of Qom, Qom, Iran
چکیده [English]

The question of the nature and metaphysical status of the self is among the most challenging issues in the philosophy of mind. Although contemporary philosophers tend to show less favor toward substance dualism, Dean Zimmerman—by focusing on the vagueness of ordinary material objects and the problem of the many—has advanced a novel argument against materialism and sought to defend emergent substance dualism. This argument has provoked serious responses and critiques from materialist philosophers. The present study, while defending Zimmerman’s position, first offers a more streamlined formulation of his argument by eliminating certain unnecessary assumptions. In the next step, through a critical evaluation of materialist replies, it aims to demonstrate the inadequacy of their proposed solutions. Ultimately, the concluding argument of the paper contends that any materialist attempt to sharpen the material boundaries of the self in order to escape the problem of vagueness inevitably commits materialists to a framework that resembles emergent substance dualism—such that the boundary between the two views becomes increasingly difficult to maintain.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • emergent substance dualism
  • the problem of the many
  • vagueness
  • materialism
  • Dean Zimmerman
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